One hundred years ago in New York City, at least 10 epidemics of typhoid fever were traced to a single cook who was later called Typhoid Mary. Recent medical reports tell us how the epidemics could have been prevented and what could have been done to help her. Mary Mallon came to the United States from Switzerland to work as a domestic caretaker for a family in New York. Soon afterwards, the whole family developed horrible fever, diarrhea and were very sick. Her doctor diagnosed typhoid fever, but before he could find the source of the bacteria that causes this disease, Mary Mallon had disappeared. Later, an epidemic of typhoid fever was traced to a specific restaurant in New York and by the time the investigators arrived, they learned that an employee named Mary Mallon had worked there but had recently disappeared. Several more epidemics of typhoid fever occurred in restaurants and families in New York and each time, authorities found that a person matching Mary Mallons description had recently disappeared. Finally, authorities caught Mary Mallow and told her never to work in a restaurant or handle food prepared for others. The epidemics continued, but she would then disappear before she could be caught and reappear later in another restaurant under an assumed name. Before she was finally put in jail, she caused at least 10 proven epidemics of typhoid fever, at least three deaths and who knows how many other cases of typhoid fever. After she was caught for causing her tenth known outbreak, she was incarcerated and spent the rest for her life there, dying 31 years after her first epidemic. Typhoid Mary carried the typhoid fever germ in her gall bladder for the rest of her life, even though she, herself, was not sick. If it happened today, she would not have been placed in jail, she would be cured by taking antibiotics or by having her gall bladder removed. A study in the British Journal, Lancet (January 8, 1994 343:83-84), shows that people who carry typhoid fever germs in their gall bladders are at increased risk for developing cancers, even though they may have no symptoms whatever. So, all people who have had typhoid fever and appear to have recovered, should have cultures done to see if they still carry the typhoid fever germ. If they do, they may need to take antibiotics or have their gall bladders removed. What a difference a century makes. Today, the term Typhoid Mary refers to a person who spreads diseases to other people, even though she has no symptoms herself. |
